2015 - THE LAST PINOY ACTION KING (co-director, co-producer, co-writer) Documentary feature
2015 - I AM JUPITER, I AM THE BIGGEST PLANET (associate producer) Organized Manila shoot for director Matthew Victor Pastor's short film
2015 - GONE LESBO GONE (interview subject, co-producer) Documentary directed by Jarret Gahan on the troubled production of LESBO-A-GO-GO (2003), premiered at Brisbane Underground Film Festival, January 2015.
2015 - FAGS IN THE FAST LANE (actor) Cameo role in an AUstralian feature directed by Josh Collins, also starring Kitten Natividad
2015 - CERTIFIED DEAD (actor) Cameo role in a Singapore feature directed by Marrie "Cleopatra Wong" Lee
2015 - BIRDS OF DESTRUCTION (director, writer, producer) Fake Grindhouse Trailer filmed in 2003; premiered at Trasharama-A-Go-Go, MonsterFest, Melbourne
2014 - THE SEARCH FOR WENG WENG (bonus features) extended sequences and featurettes, "I Love Weng Weng" music clip, SUFF Q and A, on Australia's Monster Pictures DVD release
2014 - Some Jerks "Dark And Dead Of Night" music video (director, writer), premiered on Rage April 2014
2013 - THE STUFF (bonus features) "Larry Cohen interview" featurette, on Australia's Monster Pictures DVD release
2013 - THE SEARCH FOR WENG WENG (director/writer) Premiered Manila 29/11/13
2013 - OTSO (actor) Cameo role in a Filipino indie feature directed by Elwood Perez
2012 - FOR Y'UR HEIGHT ONLY (bonus features) "The Story Of Weng" featurette, includes interview footage with Eddie Nicart, on Germany's FilmArt DVD release
2010 - MACHETE MAIDENS UNLEASHED! (associate producer, additional footage, original concept) Feature length doco written and directed by Mark Hartley, based on the original "The Search For Weng Weng" concept. Premiered at Melbourne International Film Festival 24/07/10
2010 - CLEOPATRA WONG/ONE-ARMED EXECUTIONER (bonus features) Interviews with director Bobby A. Suarez and actor Nigel Hogge, on Dark Sky Films' US DVD release
2009 - SIXFTHICK: NOTES FROM THE UNDERGROUND (interview subject) ABC TV doco on Brisbane band Sixfthick
2007 - ZOMBIE MARIACHI (actor, producer, additional camera) Short film directed by Filipino guerrilla filmmaker Khavn de la Cruz during his 2007 BIFF appearance. I play "Great White Zombie Hunter"!
2007 - SILIP (bonus features) Interviews with director Elwood Perez and star Maria Isabel Lopez conducted and filmed for Mondo Macabro's UK DVD release
2007 - APOCALYPSE MAO (director, writer, co-editor, actor) Broadcast on Briz31 TV from December 2007
2006 - BLUEBIRDS OF PEACE AND DESTRUCTION (director, writer, co-editor, cinematographer) Premiered at Melbourne Underground Film Festival 2006; also screened in London, Melbourne, Sydney
2003 - The Aampirellas "Arm Killer" music video (director, writer, co-editor) Edited from "Lesbo-A-Go-Go", premiered on ABC TV's "Rage" July 2003
2003 - LESBO A GO GO (director, co-writer, co-editor) Premiered at Melbourne Underground Film Festival 2003; also screened in Brisbane, Melbourne, Adelaide, London, Manila
2003 - ESCAPE FROM THE PLANET OF THE TAPES (interview subject) SBS TV documentary about me and Trash Video's struggle to evolve.
2001 - GLADIATOR, OR DUDE WHERE'S YOUR TOGA? (director, writer, editor) 10 minute short made for the Milennium Youth Forum
PUBLISHED WORK
2015 - "Bionic Guts And Exploding Huts! The Filipino Pulp Factory of Bobby A. Suarez Part One" in Weng's Chop #8 (USA), October 2015, pp.25-38
2015 - "Balut Westerns: The Filipino Cowboy as King, and the Rise And Fall of The Goon Action Film" in Domingo Lopez (ed.), Wild Wild East: The Curry Western And The Noodle Western (Tyrannosaurus Books, Barcelona), pp.186-237,
2014 - "Strong Coffee With A National Treasure: An Interview with Eddie Romero", Cashiers Du Cinemart #18 (USA), March 2014
2014 - "On Lady Terminator: Interview with Barbara Anne Constable" in Plaridel: A Philippine Journal of Communication, Media, and Society (University of the Philippines, Quezon City) Vol. 11 No. 2, August 2014, pp.178-196
2014 - "Mananangaal Queen of Quezon City: The Life and Bloodlines of Cecille Baun" catalogue notes for a Cecille Baun exhibition, Quezon City International Film Festival, October 2014
2014 - "Bamboo Gods and Bionic Boys: A Brief History of the Philippines’ B Films" in Plaridel: A Philippine Journal of Communication, Media, and Society (University of the Philippines, Quezon City) Vol. 11 No. 1, 2014, pp.128-172
2013 - Mark IV Productions interview in Weng's Chop #3 (USA), April 2013
2013 - "The Tanduay Rum Diaries: Stuck In Ilocos Norte With The Weng Weng Blues AGain" on my Death Rides A Red Horse blog, Monster Pictures website, September 2013
2013 - "The Search For Weng Weng: Final Shoot Diary" in Weng's Chop #4 (USA), August 2013
2013 - "Farewell Uncle Chop-Chop" on my Death Rides A Red Horse blog, Monster Pictures website, September 2013
2012 - "The Tanduay Rum Diaries: The Most Famous Cross-Dressing Midget In The Philippines (At This Present Moment) on the Mondo Macabro blog, 25/04/12
2012 - "The Story Of Weng" essay on the German For Y'ur Height Only DVD released by FilmArt
2012 - "The Story Of Weng Weng" in Filmrage (UK) Vol 2 #11
2012 - "Di Ingon 'Nato: Zombies In Our Backyard" essay and director Ivan Zaldarriaga interview, Sinekultura Film Journal (University of San Carlos, Cebu) Issue #4, Second Semester 2012, pp. 14-21; reprinted in Film International 63-4 (Sweden), August 2013
2012 - "The Great Manila Cinema Heist! A Brief History of Philippine Parody and Outright Thievery In The Country That Copyright Forgot, Part One", Cashiers Du Cinemart #17 (USA), October 2012
2011 - Jon Hewitt interview on "X" in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 22/11/11
2011 - "Pop Culture Postcard: Philippines" article in Wordy Mofo online magazine Issue 3 (Sydney), January 2011
2011 - "Monster talks to Chad Ferrin" intro and interview, Monster Pictures website 26/05/11
2011 - "Aswang! Filipino New Blood" notes, Fantastic Asia Film Festival catalogue, Melbourne November 2011
2010 - Lady Terminator/Barbara Anne Constable interview in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 03/08/10
2009 - Wings Hauser Restrospective reviews in Melbourne Underground Film Festival catalogue, August 2009
2009 - Pure Shit article & Bert Deling interview in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 12/05/09
2008 - Women In Prison DVD box set review in Empire Magazine (Sydney), March 2008
2008 - Witches' Hammer review for Melbourne Cinemateque notes, Senses Of Cinema (Melbourne)
2008 - Ozploitation essay and reviews in Brisbane International Film Festival catalogue, July 2008
2008 - Ozploitation and Marjoe Gortner Retrospectives reviews in Melbourne Underground Film Festival catalogue, September 2008
2008 - Grindhouse article in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 01/04/08
2008 - Alejandro Jodorowsky interview in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 12/06/08
2008 - "The Dolemite Collection" review in Empire Magazine (Sydney), May 2008
2008 - "21 Greatest Pinoy B-Movies" article (co-written with Lourd de Veyra) in FHM Magazine (Philippines), December 2008
2007 - “White Guerrilla In Manila” article [2000 word version] in Firecracker Magazine #4 (London, UK) July 2007
2007 - Squatterpunk review in Brisbane International Film Festival program, July 2007
2006 - They Call Her Cleopatra Wong review in Brisbane International Film Festival program, July 2006 (reprinted in the Cinemanila Film Festival program, November 2006)
2005 - Volcano High review for Melbourne Cinemateque Annotations, published online at Senses of Cinema (Melbourne) April 2005
2005 - Visitor Q DVD review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 24/05/05
2005 - Violent Femmes live review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 29/03/05
2005 - Trouble Every Day DVD review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 31/05/05
2005 - Southern Culture On The Skids live review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 14/06/05
2005 - Southern Culture On The Skids interview in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 31/05/05
2005 - Ring 2 review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 29/03/05
2005 - Bride And Prejudice review/Gurinder Chadha interview in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 15/02/05
2005 - Bollywood article/Rohan Sippy interview in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 15/02/05
2005 - Blood Feast/2000 Maniacs review in Tsunami magazine (Caloundra, Australia) April 2005
2005 - Baadasssss review/Mario Van Peebles interview in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 15/03/05
2005 - Assault On Precinct 13 review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 29/03/05
2005 - Alfie review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 25/01/05
2004 - “Nine Things I Discovered Making Fake Sixties Porn” essay and the unedited Richard Franklin interview in Damian Kringas (ed), Tales Of The Cinematic Experience (Independence Jones Guerilla Press Division, Sydney)
2004 - “Grim Fairy Tales For Adults: Czech Gothic Retrospective” article in Rave magazine (Brisbane), 28/07/04
2004 - Zatoichi review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 07/09/04
2004 - The Grudge review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 23/11/04
2004 - Shaun Of The Dead review/Simon Pegg interview in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 12/10/04
2004 - Saw review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 07/12/04
2004 - Bad Santa review in Rave Magazine (Brisbane), 30/11/04
2003 - “Richard Franklin and Eskimo Nell” interview and article in Eros magazine Vol 3 #1 (Canberra)
2003 - “PLO: Centuries Of Blood” & “Bring Me The Head Of Ulrike Meinhoff” chapters in Guns! Death! Terror! 1960s & 1970s Revolutionaries, Urban Guerrillas and Terrorists edited by Jack Sargeant (Creation Books, UK, 2003)
2003 - Undead review in Brisbane International Film Festival program, July 2003
2003 - The Devil Rides Out review in Melbourne Cinemateque CTEQ Annotations, also published online in Senses Of Cinema (Melbourne), February 2003
2002 - “Keep It Up Mate: Tim Burstall And The Birth Of The Ocker Sex Comedy” article in Semper magazine #2 (University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia) March 2002
2002 - “Black Japan: The Ring & Battle Royale” article co-written with Jack Sargeant in Black Ice magazine (London)
2002 - “Apocalypse Om: The Doomsday Gas Squads of Aum Shin-Rikyo” & “The West End Lesbian Vampires” chapters in Blood Cults edited by Jack Sargeant (Virgin Books, UK, 2002)
2002 - "That's Ozploitation!" introduction and reviews in Melbourne Underground Film Festival catalogue
2002 - "Doris Wishman: Good Girls Go To To Dildo Heaven" article in Senses Of Cinema online magazine (Melbourne), late 2002
2001- “The Truth According To Errol Morris” article in Semper magazine #1 (University Of Qld, St Lucia, Australia) February 2001
2001 - “Giallo: Euro Death A Go Go” article in Obscene fanzine #15 (Sunshine Coast, Australia) early 2001
2000 - interview with American Movie's Chris Smith & Sarah Price in Macabre #2 (University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia) Autumn 2000
1998 - “The Wild & Wacky World Of Filipino Exploitation” review article in Semper magazine #3 (University Of Qld, St Lucia, Australia) May 1998
1998 - “Porno Chic, Or How America Turned Blue In 1972” article in Semper magazine #2 (University Of Qld, St Lucia, Australia) March 1998; reprinted in Adult Industry Review [later EROS] magazine Vol 2 #3 (Canberra) mid 1999
1998 - “Blaxploitation Superchicks” article in Semper magazine #6 (University Of Qld, St Lucia, Australia)July 1998
1998 - Plugg review in More Tales From The Idiot Box fanzine (Townsville, Australia) October 1998
1998 - Paul Verhoeven interview & article, reviews of Hard Eight, Perdita Durango, The Truman Show, Cannibal The Musical in Plastic magazine #1 (Brisbane) October 1998
1997 - “The Golden Afro Awards” blaxploitation article in Smokin’ Dog Press fanzine #3 (Brisbane)
1997 - Richard Kern interview in Purple Monkey Dishwasher fanzine #4 (Adelaide) early 1997
1997 - Peeping Tom article, God Of Gamblers The Return review, “Censorship in Australia Timeline” article in Plastic magazine #1 (Brisbane) July 1997
1997 - Maggie Cheung interview, Abel Ferrara article, Toby Keeler interview/Pretty As A Picture review in Plastic magazine #1 (Brisbane) Summer 1997
1997 - Lost Highway review in Plastic magazine #1 (Brisbane) April 1997
TALKS, LECTURES, EMCEE JOBS...atbp
2015 - talk on Pinoy cult cinema with Leo Katigbak and Manet A. Dayrit, QCinema International Film Festival, Quezon City, Philippines 28/10/15
2015 - member of the Circle Competition Jury, QCinema International Film Festival in Quezon City, Philippines, October 22-31 2015
2015 - interviewed Kitten Natividad on stage, as part of "Bosom-Mania Burlesque Show", The LuWow, Fitzroy, Melbourne 04/12/15
2015 - interviewed Fred Williamson for "The Hammer" All-Night Marathon at MonsterFest, the Lido Cinemas, Hawthorne, Melbourne 27/11/15
2015 - emceed "Me And My Mates vs The Zombie Apocalypse" Q&A with the director and producer, New Farm Cinemas, Brisbane 07/08/15
2015 - delivered two lectures on Filipino film history at the Griffith Film School, QCA, South Bank, Brisbane 16-17/09/15
2015 - delivered "The Ten Commandments of Pinoy Westerns" paper at the Digital Divide conference, University of the Philippines Film Institute, Quezon City, Philippines 11/06/15
2015 - "An Australian Guerrilla in Manila" talk at Green Papaya artspace, Quezon City, Philippines 08/07/15
2014 - moderated "Spook And The City: Hong Kong Supernatural" panel (Michael Helms, Christian Were and Michael Honig) at the Melbourne International Film Festival 14/08/14
2014 - introduced the preview of Elwood Perez's new film Esoterika: Manila at Fully Booked, Fort Bonifacio, Manila 31/01/14
2014 - delivered "The Art Of The B Movie" lecture at Silliman University, Dumaguete, Philippines 04/08/14
2014 - "Filipino B Film Masterclass" at the Terracotta Far East Film Festival, London 27/05/14
2014 - "Filipino B Film Masterclass" at Festival Nits de Cinema Oriental de Vic, Spain 17/07/14
2013 - joined Helen Yeates, Steve Saragossi, Shayne Armstrong and Mark Ryan in a RANTBrisbane talk about Brisbane Cinema, Paddington's Dowse Bar, Brisbane 03/03/13
2013 - hosted a Philippe Mora "70s Guerrilla Filmmaking" presentation and Q&A at the "You Don't Have To Be Jewish!" Film Festival, State Libray, South Brisbane 16/02/13
2013 - emceed Beyond Zero Emissions fundraiser Q&A with "Generation Green" producer Laura Noonan and documentary subject Patrick Hearps, Brisbane 22/07/13
2013 - The "Cabin In The Woods: Allure Of The Cult" seminar with Todd Farmer and Dr Mark Ryan, Gold Coast Film Festival 20/04/13
2012 - hosted a "Tribute To Larry Cohen" night - Cohen interview, panel with Michael Helms, Phillip Brophy, and Jen and Sylvia Soska, Monster Fest, Melbourne 02/11/12
2012 - Lecture Tour of the Philippines: "Bamboo Gods And Bionic Boys" lecture/screening at UP Diliman 11/07/12, University Of San Carlos in Cebu 04/07/12, and UP Baguio 13/07/12; "Search For Weng Weng" talk at UP Diliman 27/06/12; "James Batman" screening & intro 12/07/12; and "Bruceploitation" talk/Game Of Death screening at JIV Manila Art Gallery 11/07/12
2012 - "Scary Movies - Why Do We Watch Them?" panel at the State Library, South Brisbane 19/04/12
2011 - introduced preview screening of Jon Hewitt's "X", Schonell Theatre, St Lucia, Brisbane 22/11/11
2011 - hosted Q&A with "Human Centipede 2" star Laurence R. Harvey, Tribal Theatre, Brisbane 23/11/11
2011 - delivered "Last Tangos In Manila" paper on Filipino bomba and bold cinema at the Erotic Screen Conference at the Griffith University QCA campus, Brisbane 16/02/11, and at the UP College Of Mass Communication, Quezon City 23/06/11
2011 - co-hosted "The Best Of Trasharama-A-Go-Go" short film screening with Dick Dale, Tribal Theatre, Brisbane 18/11/11
2011 - "Nollywood Boulevard" lecture at the Dunedin Publuc Art Gallery, New Zealand 28/05/11
2010 - three Nollywood talks at the Institute of Modern Art (IMA), Brisbane September & October 2010, and at the Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA), Brisbane 12/11/10
2010 - introduced screening of The Room at the Brisbane International Film Festival 12/11/10
2010 - introduced Lady Terminator and chaired Q&A with actress Barbara Anne Constable, Tribal Theatre, Brisbane 06/08/10
2010 - introduced John Waters at the Brisbane Powerhouse 05/10
2010 - introduced Felicity and Australia After Dark & chaired Q&A with director John D. Lamond, Tribal Theatre, Brisbane 05/10
2010 - introduced "Pinoy Halloween" screenings at Asia Pacific Film Institute, Manila 30/10/10 and at Fully Booked, Fort Bonifacio, Manila 31/10/10
2010 - hosted Q&A with screenwriter Todd Farmer (Jason X, My Bloody Valentine) and producer Kerri Hill Grisham, Gold Coast Film Festival 14/11/10
2010 - Machete Maidens Unleashed! Q&A with Mark Hartley, Veronica Fury and myself, Brisbane International Film Festival 11/11/10
2010 - "Pinoy Grindhouse" lectures at Ateneo University, Quezon City 20/10/10 and University of the Philippines Film Centre (UPFI), Quezon City 04/11/10
2010 - "Australian Horror and Science Fiction Cinema" lecture at Griffith University Nathan Campus, Brisbane 20/10/10
2009 - introduced Pure Shit screening & chaired Q&A with director Bert Deling and actor Garry Waddell, Brisbane Powerhouse 15/05/09
2009 - Filipino Horror lecture for Roy Frumkes' horror course, School of Visual Arts, New York City 07/07/09
2009 - "The Great DEADbate" discussion on zombie films with Peter & Michael Spierig, Brisbane International Film Festival 08/08/09
2009 - "History of Sexploitation" lecture at Bond University 23/06/09
2009 - "Aussie Sex Cinema" lecture at Bond University 27/10/09
2008 - three lectures on Paul Morrissey at the Andy Warhol exhibition, Gallery Of Modern Art, South Bank 07/03/08, 16/03/08
2008 - talk on film collecting at the Picasso Exhibition, Gallery of Modern Art, August 2008
2008 - one of 10 artists featured at Pecha Kucha #6, Brisbane Powerhouse 25/06/08
2008 - lecture on guerrilla filmmaking for "Sound Image Text" course, QUT Kelvin Grove campus 15/10/08
2008 - introduced the Ozploitation Retrospective screenings and appeared on the Ozploitation Seminar with Brisna Trenchard-Smith, Tony Ginnane, Alan Finney and Mark Hartley, Brisbane International Film Festival July-August 2008
2008 - introduced the Brisbane premiere of Grindhouse at Dendy George St 03/04/08
2008 - introduced the Brisbane premiere of Be Kind, Rewind at Dendy Portside 18/03/08
2008 - introduced IMA's screening of The Holy Mountain, Dendy George St 21/06/08
2008 - hosted Sony Tropfest's Brisbane screening, Suncorp Piazza, South Brisbane 17/02/08
2008 - delivered lectures on Filipino B film history at University Of The Philippines, Quezon City, and at the Asia Pacific Film Institute, Manila, both November 2008
2008 - delivered "Bamboo Gods And Bionic Boys" paper at the Annual South East Asian Cinema Conference at Ataneo University, Quezon City, November 2008
2007 - judge on MUFFFY (Mondo Underground Film Festival Fro Young People), Sunshine Coast 2007
2007 - introduced the Brisbane premiere of Inland Empire at Dendy George St 11/07
2007 - hosted Schlockfest 2007 screening at the Globe, December 2007
2007 - Talking Pictures panel member "Exploitation of the Post Millennium" at Melbourne International Film Festival, ACMI Cinemas Melbourne 29/07/07
2006 - judge on "Show Us Yer Flicks", Queer Film Festival 2006
2006 - hosted the opening night of Bar Burlesque, Brunswick St Mall August 2006
2006 - hosted Schlockfest 2006 at the Globe, November 2006
2005 - judge on the BIFF Fast Film Competiton, Brisbane International Film Festival 2005
2005 - judge and host of the 48 Hour Fast Film Competition 2005
2004 - “Obscurist Film Activists Close-up” panel member, OtherFilm Festival 2004
2003 - “The Horror, The Horror...” panel member, Brisbane International Film Festival 2003
2003 - hosted the opening and closing nights of the Melbourne Underground Film Festival 2003
2003 - "MUFF Guerilla Filmmakers Forum" panel member, Melbourne Underground Film Festival 2003
1999 - conducted a short film workshop at “Weekend With The Works #1”, Sunshine Coast
FILM FESTIVAL CURATIONS & FILM PROGRAMS
2011 - programmed and introduced "Aswang! Filipino New Blood" double, Fantastic Asia Film Festival, Melbourne 13/11/11
2009 - programmed "Wings Hauser Retrospective" at Melbourne Underground Film Festival, August 2009
2008 - programmed "Ozploitation" Retrospective, Brisbane International Film Festival 2008
2008 - programmed "Ozploitation" and "Marjoe Gortner" Retrospectives, Melbourne Underground Film Festival 2008
2006 - "Bamboo Gods And Bionic Boys" seminar at Brisbane International Film Festival 2006, Cinemanila Film Festival 2006, Sydney's Mu Meson Archives 2006
2004 - “Punk: Dada Revolutionaries & Buzzsaw Cabaret” compilation and seminar at Queensland Art Gallery
2002 - programmed "Sexy Australian Retro" at Melbourne Underground Film Festival 2002: four features plus seminar, and special guests Richard Franklin and Tim Burstall
1997 to 2001 - curated "Eat My Schlock: Bad Taste Short Film Festival", Brisbane (1997 to 2001) and Sydney (in conjunction with Dick Dale and "Trasharama-A-Go-Go", 2001)
BANDOGRAPHY
2012 - ACID WORLD (drums)
2006 - IMPERIAL BLACK (drums) Short-lived line-up of Vaginabilly Robert E. Lee's ongoing "rawk" project, played two gigs only
2005 - THE NUDISTS (vocals) Two gigs only as guest Nudist, but what a pair!
2003 to 2012 - THE VAGINABILLIES (vocals) Semi-acoustic cabaret version of They Might Be...
2003 to 2012 - THE AUSTRALIAN GG ALLIN SHOW (drums, vocals) Vaginabillies plus JJ Speedball doing a tribute to the most degenerate punk rocker of all time!
2001 to present - THEY MIGHT BE NEGROS (drums) Fred Negro tribute band resurrected once a year with Fred on vocals and the Vaginabillies on the rest!
2000 to 2004 - THEY MIGHT BE VAGINAS (vocals)
1996 to 2004 - ESCAPE FROM TOYTOWN (drums)
1995 to 2000, 2011 to 2012 - BIG BONGIN' BABY (drums)
1994 to 1996, 2004 to present - ALIEN VIRUS (drums) Cal Crilly's punk beast that will not die
1993 to 1994 - INVISIBLE EMPIRE (drums) Now The Lost Domain, I was one of three drummers, including Bettina Graham and Ian Wadley.
1992 to 2000 - MR BASTARD (drums) Mega-chaotic "supergroup"
1992 to 1994 - QUEER (drums) First collaboration with Cal Crilly, featured Monty [Noose] Blomfield on bass and vocals. We recorded, toured, then Monty died...